Armando MONTANARI - Evelina PALUZZI

10.15201/hungeobull.65.4.3

Mobility within the EU is increasing with the emergence of a culture of Europeanism, ease of movement and the affordability of travel. Personal mobility joins the mobility of goods, financial markets and financial transactions. The situation has not always been positive, partly because of the economic crisis of 2008 and later; the construction of Europe, far from being complete, continues to encounter obstacles and difficulties. The current migration crisis is one of the strongest motivations for analysing the phenomenon of human mobility in the EU. This article considers the phenomenon of migration in five regions of Italy (Lombardy, Veneto, Tuscany, Lazio and Sicily) by citizens of countries that predominantly experience emigration (Latvia, Romania, Slovakia), immigration (Germany, Sweden, the UK) and countries like Italy where flows of both emigration and immigration are common (Ireland and Spain). The study uses regional units defined not in relation to the history of Europe over the centuries but in relation to the labour market (Labour Market Areas) identified by the National Institute of Statistics (Istat) on the basis of a contemporary parameter related to commuting. This new division of areas in relation to contemporary economic and social situations has made it possible to focus on the actual presence of immigrants by nationality and age in areas that are smaller and which more clearly demonstrate the reasons that explain mobility for production and mobility for consumption.

human mobility, settlement patterns, labour market area, international retirement migration, return migration

2017. 01.17.

Hivatkozások elrejtése

Baláž, V. and Williams, A.M. 2002. Central Europe as a buffer zone for international mobility of labour: brain drain or brain waste? In Human mobility in a borderless world? Ed.: Montanari, A., Rome, SGI Home of Geography, 193–223.
Bell, M. and Ward, G. 2000. Comparing temporary mobility with permanent migration. Tourism Geographies 1. (2): 97–107.
Benassi, F. and Porciani, L. 2010. The dual demographic profile of migrants in Tuscany. In Demographic aspects of migration. Eds.: Salzmann, T., Barry, E. and Raymer, J., Wiesbaden, Springer, 209–225.
Bertazzon, L. 2015. Le dinamiche demografiche della popolazione straniera. In Immigrazione straniera in Veneto. A cura dell’Osservatorio Regionale Immigrazione. Venezia-Mestre, Veneto Lavoro, 11–42.
Birindelli, A.M., Farina, P. and Rinaldi, S. 2004. Lombardy’s Local Labour Systems and Foreign Immigrants. Statistical Methods and Application, November, 335–338.
Blangiardo, G.C. 2016. La popolazione straniera nella realtà lombarda. In Rapporto 2016, gli immigrati in Lombardia. Ed.: Cesareo, V., Milano, Éupolis Lombardia, 19–29.
Boar, N. 2005. Changes in the human migration patterns in the Maramures region (Romania–Ukraine). Belgeo 1–2. 185–197.
Calafati, A.G. 2005. On the use of Local Labour Systems. Italian Journal of Regional Sciences 4. (1): 1–5.
Calafati, A.G. and Compagnucci, F. 2015. Oltre i sistemi locali del lavoro. Economia Marche 1. 1–30.
Cesareo, V. ed. 2016. Rapporto 2016, gli immigrati in Lombardia. Milano, Éupolis Lombardia.
Colombo, M. and Barabanti, P. 2016. Gli stranieri in Lombardia, capitale umano in crescita. In Rapporto 2016, gli immigrati in Lombardia. Ed.: Cesareo, V., Milano, Éupolis Lombardia, 39–68.
Daher, L. 2010. Second-generation immigrants in Catania (Sicily): prejudice and relationships with institutions. Working Paper 46. Messina, CIRSDIG.
Drovandi, S. 2015. Le tendenze demografiche della Toscana. Anno 2015. Firenze, Regione Toscana.
Fondazione Leone Moressa – FLM 2016. Il 5,5% del valore aggiunto nazionale è prodotto dalle imprese condotte da stranieri. Mestre, FLM.
Furmankiewicz, M. 2005. Town-twinning as a factor generating international flows of goods and people. The example of Poland. Belgeo 1–2. 145–162.
Gambuzza, M. and Rasera, M. 2015a. Gli stranieri nel mercato del lavoro regionale. In Immigrazione straniera in Veneto. Ed.: A cura dell’Osservatorio Regionale Immigrazione. Venezia-Mestre, Veneto Lavoro, 43–60.
Gambuzza, M. and Rasera, M. 2015b. Giovani stranieri nel sistema scolastico regionale. In Immigrazione straniera in Veneto. Ed.: A cura dell’Osservatorio Regionale Immigrazione. Venezia-Mestre, Veneto Lavoro, 61–69.
Guerriero, B. 2008. L’immigrazione romena in Lombardia. In Popolazioni che cambiano. A cura di Bergaglio, M., Milano, Franco Angeli, 179–198.
Hannan, K. 2016. After John Urry – a personal reflection. Tourism Geographies 16. (9): 1–4.
IDOS 2016. Centro Studi e Ricerche IDOS e Istituto di Studi Politici San Pio V. Osservatorio Romano sulle Migrazioni – XI Rapporto. Rome, IDOS.
Ilies, A. 2005. The peculiarities of the human mobility frame in the Romanian-Hungarian and Romanian-Ukrainian border area Belgeo 1–2. 175–183.
Ilies, A., Dehoorne, O. and Horga, I. 2002. Romania. Peculiarities of internal and external human mobility before and after the fall of communism. In Human mobility in a borderless world? Ed.: Montanari, A., Rome, SGI Home of Geography, 95–108.
Illés, S. 2006. International elderly migration in Hungary. Migracijske i etničke teme 18. (1–2): 53–77.
Ivanov, I.H. 2002a. Migration and the problems ensuing from it for Bulgaria. In Human mobility in a borderless world? Ed.: Montanari, A., Rome, SGI Home of Geography, 109–118.
King, R. and Patterson, G. 1998. Diverse paths: the elderly British in Tuscany. International Journal of Population Geography 4. 157–182.
King, R., Warnes, A.M. and Williams, A.M. 1998. International retirement migration in Europe. International Journal of Population Geography 4. 91–111.
Michalkó, G. 2002. The future of shopping tourism on the periphery of Europe without borders. In Human mobility in a borderless world? Ed.: Montanari, A., Rome, SGI Home of Geography, 143–154.
Michalkó, G. and Rátz, T. 2006. Typically female features in Hungarian shopping tourism. Migracijske i etničke teme 22. (1–2): 79–93.
Montanari, A. and Cortese, A. 1993. Third World immigrants in Italy. In Mass migrations in Europe: the legacy and the future. Ed.: King, R., London and New York, Belhaven Press, 275–292.
Montanari, A. and Staniscia, B. 2016. Human mobility. An issue of multidisciplinary research. In Global Change and Human Mobility. Ed.: Domínguez- Mujica, J., Frankfurt, Springer.
Neerman, G. 2010. Immigration in Sicily. Perugia, GCAC Give Competence a Chance.
Sheller, M. 2011. Mobility. Sociopedia.isa 1–12. Smith, M.P. and Favel, A., eds. 2006. The human face of global mobility: international highly skilled migration in Europe, North America and the Asia-Pacific. New Brunswick, Transaction.
Stančová, K. 2014. Attracting international research professionals: evidence from Tuscany, Regional Studies, Regional Science 1. (1): 339–346.
Stoenchev, N. and Stoencheva, T. 2002. International migration in Bulgaria within the context of the globalisation of European economy. In Human mobility in a borderless world? Ed.: Montanari, A., Rome, SGI Home of Geography, 119–122.
Urry, J. 2000. Sociology beyond societies: mobilities for the Twenty-First Century. London, Routledge.
William, A.M. and Hall, C.M. 2000. Tourism and migration: new relationships between production and consumption. Tourism Geographies 1. (2): 5–27.